CLIMATRONIC DEVICE FOR MONITORING GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Climatronic device for monitoring greenhouse effect is an electronic climate checker that Able Designs and Construction Company (ADACC) started developing for a long time now to monitor and control human activities in an environment which contributes to global warming or greenhouse gases like deforestation/burning of bushes, fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), etc. Our aim is to monitor the adverse effects of climatic and weather conditions, then announce its consequences to the people in different regions and suggests adequate utilities they can utilize to be safe. The Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Climatologist, Meteorological centers can utilize it to forecast the weather or climate change condition.
This is a multi-purpose smart climate checker to support the action to reduce the heat-trapping gas emissions. It can be used to monitor the rate of ozone layer depletion by determining the level of ultra violet radiation reaching the earth from the sun using UV Radiation sensor.  

The system consists of wireless sensor network (WSN) containing various weather sensors, micro-controller, transceivers and LCD. The micro-controller serves as a minicomputer in a chip that controls both the software and hardware operations.

More information and experimental result of this project concept will be uploaded in this site soon.  Greenhouse gas emission has caused significant increase in the number of premature deaths and other potentially catastrophic consequences in the earth. The problem of burning fossil fuels, burning of bush and land clearing are increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases which is contributing to warming of the Earth. This contributes to the high concentrations of heat-trapping “greenhouse gases” in the atmosphere. Climate change has the potential of claiming lives in thousands, properties and infrastructures are not left out of the possible destruction. Excessive heat or cold waves can cause death or sickness to those with inadequate utilities. Droughts can have adverse effect on water usage and destroy vegetation. Fog or exceptionally low ceiling can prevent many aircraft from landing and taking off safely. Turbulence and icing are also significant in-flight hazards in temperate regions. Thunderstorms are a problem for all aircraft because of severe turbulence due to their updrafts and outflow boundaries, strong winds, and lightning, all of which can cause severe damage to an aircraft in flight.

Benefit of solving the problem:

Global warming and climate changes seen today are being caused by the increase of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gas emissions which pose threat to public health. This has continued to receive a clarion Call for engineers to model and develop device that can help human race. Heat wave which is another consequence of global warming can lead to thousands of heat-related deaths. Beyond that, there can be other troubling effects: decreases in crop yields, droughts, and dry conditions ripe for wildfires. Wildfires, in turn, lead to deforestation. Since trees absorb much of the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, fewer trees mean higher levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, thus perpetuating the cycle in which warmer temperatures wreak atmospheric havoc.

With the device we can monitor and stop activities that cause global warming, alert the people on the adverse effects of the climate change and suggest the right per-caution measures they can follow to run their daily activities.  Farmers and traders within commodity markets will known about the weather and decide on what to do on a particular day. For instance, they will know when prolong dryness, heat or rain fall will occur.  Prolonged periods of dryness can ruin cotton, wheat and corn crops while corn crops can be ruined by drought, their dried remains can be used as cattle feed substitute in the form of silage. Frosts and freezes play havoc with crops both during the spring and fall. For example, peach trees in full bloom can have their potential peach crop decimated by a spring freeze. Orange groves can suffer significant damage during frosts and freezes, regardless of their timing.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) techniques are to be used along with model-based design software tool known as Protues 8.3 professional, C programming language written in an algorithm in Mikro C pro. The design topology and WSNs are composed of a finite set of sensor devices geographically distributed in a given outdoor environment (usually predefined) to gather environmental data and the node devices placement may be known or unknown a prior. Network nodes can have actual or logical communication with all devices; such a communication defines a topology according to the application. 

Outline of our Objectives

1.     To design and simulate a smart climatronic device for the monitoring of adverse effects of climatic conditions and announce its consequences to the people at different regions.

2.     To forecast the possibility of the climate change and suggest adequate utilities for the people to perform their daily activities safely.

3.     To provide the National Meteorological Centers, Government bodies, Department of the Environment and Energy and other specialized bodies with a gadget to monitor the environment against burning of fossil fuels, and deforestation, etc. 

4.     To monitor the rate of ozone layer depletion in the earth station and determine the level of ultra violet radiation reaching the earth from the sun.

Broadcasting the possibility and impart of the climate change such as heat waves, cold waves, rainfall pattern and Ultra Violet Ray Radiation variations are very important especially when saving lives are involved. Heat waves, cold waves, flooding from torrential down pour have claimed so many lives in recent years. The proposed research will certainly help to save lives of populace if deployed in any area where any of these adverse effects of climate change occurs.

A microcontroller was programmed using an algorithm that collects information from UV sensor and weather sensors which comprises of pressure sensor, temperature and humidity sensors, etc. The information sourced or fetched from these sensors was compared with the climate condition data stored in EEPROM and used to forecast the present climate and weather condition. This also involves the transmission of information or results through a wireless communications channel using wireless sensor techniques.  Information can also be shown in LCD while a PV based SMP supply ensures a constant power supply. This was done to ensure or maintain a certain level of safety in the future environmental conditions, and to forecast weather conditions in a very simple and advanced method.

Proteus professional software was used to design and model a climatronic device using Peripheral interface controllers (PIC Microcontroller), UV radiation sensors and WSN techniques. Mikro C pro for Peripheral Interface Controller was used as the integrated development environment (IDE) and the generated hex file (machine language) was embedded into the micro-controller to carry out the system functions.  MATLAB code was used to analysis the final result produced from the model. A live experimentation was carried out in the work to ascertain the accuracy of the Proteus simulation and ensure that the system hardware can work if implemented in the future.  In the simulation program, the system monitors UV, temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind direction and speed, etc. 

For more information, whatapp or call: +2348037909203. Email: abledesigns@yahoo.com

MPPT SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER

What Is MPPT 

Solar panels collect energy from the sun and convert it to electricity. Because the sun is not consistent throughout the day, the output power from the solar cell is also not constant. 
 A special method is used to harvest enough electricity from the sun. This method is known as MPPT which stands for Maximum Power Point Tracking. MPPT is far better than PWM. It is an electronic system designed to force the solar panels to produce and deliver their maximum available power. In a solar-powered battery charging system, it is done by varying the ratio between the voltage and current delivered to the battery. For instance, if there is excess power harvested from the panels during high Sun conditions, the MPPT converts it to additional current to charge the battery much faster.

 MPPT circuit using 18f series

MPPT stands for Maximum Power Point Tracking and the best charge controller for off grid solar power system. It is a DC to DC electronic converter system that captures the most power from the PV modules by converting the module operating voltage to battery voltage and raise the output current in the process.  

All PV modules are rated in Watts which the max power they can produce with a good sunlight. Multiply the operating voltage (Vmp) by the operating current (Imp) listed on the label  will give you the wattage of the module.

For example, take 100 Watt solar module is rated at 5.5 amps at 18 volt V. 
power of panel: 18 X 5.5 = 100 Watts. 

The PV module MUST operate at 18 volts and 5.5 amps only give output 100Watt of power. It is important to understand that a solar module is a constant current device. That means for a given amount of sunlight, the current stays the same but the voltage can be pulled down by a load. 

MPPT can raise the voltage and current through the DC to DC conversion process by exchanging current and voltage to get the maximum PV power (Watts).  Example: 100 Volts at 1 amp = 100 Watts; 10 volts at 10 amps = 100 Watts; 1 volt at 100 amps = 100 Watts. 

MPPT circuit using PIC 16F series

 

MPPT charge controller uses the DC to DC conversion  process to lower the voltage close to the battery voltage while raising the current. As long as the voltage reaching the MPPT controller is higher than the battery voltage by about 5% or more, then the MPPT output current will be higher than the input.  In the above system, the MPPT displays the performance of the circuit in the LCD.

For technology transfer or for more information, feel free to contact us at:

abledesigns@yahoo.com or whatsapp: +2348037909203.

  

DC to DC converter circuit for high voltage transformerless inverter or Solar PV inverters

I posted this DC to DC converter circuit for high voltage transformer-less inverter because of my internet friend, Avila Pinto Joaquin of JAP/POWER ING who demanded for it. Its pure sine wave transformer-less (TL) inverter section uses an advanced IGBT or MOSFET high power driver for high control accuracy, high power factor and high efficiency with low harmonic.

The differences between standard or conventional inverters and transformer-less inverters are: 

1. Conventional inverters are built with an internal bulky transformer that synchronizes the DC voltage with the AC output. 

2. Transformer-less inverters uses a computerized multi-step process and electronic components to convert DC to high frequency AC, back to DC, and ultimately to standard-frequency AC. 

3. Transformer-less inverters are light and compact. This means that it is much smaller and lighter in weight than inverters with bulky iron core transformers. 

4.     Transformer-less inverters have higher efficiency rating. 

5. Transformer-less inverters use electronic switching rather than mechanical switching. 

6. The amount of heat and humidity produced by standard inverters is greatly reduced using transformer-less method.

Using this DC to DC converter circuit, a high efficient solar inverter can be achieved. The circuit shown is a modified sine wave switching converter, which contains no bulky, heavy and expensive iron transformer. It has advantage of being small in size and very light in weight. It has precise output voltage stabilization and among other things, very little quiescent power consumption, which cannot be achieved using the iron core transformer.  The chopper used in the design with the converter simulation is shown below:

High frequency chopper used in the circuit

 

Simulation of the DC to DC converter at 5.3Khz switching frequency, 

 

 

Feel free to comment and ask questions on the design. Information on how to add low voltage cutoff, overload or short circuit protection can be discussed later based on demands.

WARNING

Be careful, the DC to DC converter circuit produces a very high voltage DC output that can kill someone.

The inverter uses UC2525 or SG3525 which is  designed for PWM switch mode power supply circuits. This circuit can also be implemented using micro-controller as shown in the pictures below:

This is where i did the circuit simulation of the DC to DC converter using PIC16F716 micro-controller. Its hardware was implemented by Avila Pinto Joaquin as shown below:

Apart from using SG3524 or PIC16f716 micro-controller, other micro-controllers can be use. Study and follow the code below and use it. The code is for H- bridge inverter with pic in bult PWM controllers  for generating sine wave  inverter

 

// high frequency inverter code

#ifndef _XTAL_FREQ

#define _XTAL_FREQ 16000000 

#define __delay_us(x) _delay((unsigned long)((x)*(_XTAL_FREQ/4000000.0)))

#define __delay_ms(x) _delay((unsigned long)((x)*(_XTAL_FREQ/4000.0)))

#endif

#include

__CONFIG(PROTECT&

        HS& //INTIO&             //internal

        OSC_8MHZ&

        WDTDIS&

        MCLRDIS&

        PWRTEN &

        BOREN &

        0x3FFF);

unsigned char sin_table[32] = {0, 25, 49, 73, 96, 118, 137,

    159, 177, 193, 208, 220, 231, 239, 245, 249, 250, 249, 245,

    239, 231, 220, 208, 193, 177, 159, 137, 118, 96, 73, 49, 25};

unsigned char index;

unsigned char soft_start_sh; //soft start shift count.

unsigned char soft_start_td; //soft start time delay.

unsigned int DUTY_CYCLE; //delay.

bit soft_start, wave_flag = 0;

void interrupt siva() {

    if (TMR2IF == 1) {

        TMR2IF = 0;

        CCPR1L = 200; //sin_table[index];

      //  ++index;

        if(index == 32)

        {  index = 0;

           wave_flag = ~wave_flag;

           if( wave_flag)  CCP1CON = 0x8D; //half bridge control

           else  CCP1CON = 0x8C; //half bridge control

        }

    }

}

void main() {

    ANSEL = 0; //Disable ADC

    CM1CON0 = 0; //Disable Comparator

    CM2CON0 = 0; //Disable Comparator

    VRCON = 0;

    PR2 = 249; //16 khz@16MHZ

    TRISC = 0x3F;

    CCP1CON = 0x00;

    ECCPAS = 0x40;

    PWM1CON = 0x94; //5ussec

    PRSEN = 1;

    CCP1CON = 0x8D; //half bridge control

     wave_flag = 0;

    __delay_ms(500);

    TMR2IF = 0;

    T2CON = 0x24; //TMR2 on, prescaler and postscaler 1:5

    while (TMR2IF == 0);

    TMR2IF = 0;

    TRISC = 0x03; //set pwm pins as o/p

    TMR2IE = 1;

    GIE = 1;

    PEIE = 1;

    RC2 = 0; 

    RC3 = 0;

    while (1) {

        if (ECCPASE) index = 0;

   }

}

For the circuit

PWM 1A,1B,1C,1D pins form the H bridge circuit. IR2110 and IRF 740 MOSFETS are used  for circuit. A
 A waveform shown below can be gotten during the circuit simulation using the above source code.

Feel free to make your suggestions, comments or ask questions: Call or Whatsapp +234-8037909203. 

You can email us at:  abledesigns@yahoo.com or engrable.ea@gmail.com if you want to buy any of our advanced schematic circuit diagrams, codes or products. Thanks and God bless.